Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) affects flat-faced dog breeds including French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boston Terriers, causing chronic respiratory compromise, exercise intolerance, sleep-disordered breathing, and significant welfare burden. French Bulldogs have become the most registered breed in the UK and US, creating an unprecedented welfare crisis. Affected dogs may be unable to maintain normal body temperature during mild exercise and suffer from obstructive sleep apnoea. Surgical correction (nares widening, palate reduction) improves welfare but does not fully resolve structural problems. Research demonstrates BOAS prevalence of 50-70% in affected breeds. The Kennel Club and FCI breed standards are being revised to penalise extreme conformation. Several European countries are implementing breeding restrictions. Welfare organisations advocate for purchasing alternative breeds or mixed breeds as the most direct welfare intervention available to consumers.