Infectious Respiratory Disease in Dogs: Welfare and Prevention 2025

Keywords: kennel cough, canine infectious tracheobronchitis, shelter welfare, respiratory disease dogs

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC, commonly called kennel cough) is one of the most prevalent health conditions in dogs in group settings (shelters, kennels, daycare), causing significant welfare compromise through coughing, nasal discharge, lethargy, and occasional severe pneumonia. The complex involves Bordetella bronchiseptica, Canine Parainfluenza Virus, Canine Adenovirus-2, and newer pathogens including Canine Respiratory Coronavirus and Mycoplasma species. Welfare impacts range from mild discomfort in typical cases to severe pneumonia in immunocompromised or very young or old dogs. Prevention relies on vaccination (intranasal Bordetella most effective for rapid protection), appropriate ventilation, separation of sick animals, and hygiene protocols. Shelter environments pose the highest transmission risk due to high density and stress-induced immunosuppression. Research demonstrates that shelter enrichment reducing stress improves immune function and reduces CIRDC susceptibility. Treatment includes supportive care; antibiotics indicated for bacterial complications.

Key References: WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines 2024; Veterinary Record 2023; ASPCA Shelter CIRDC Management 2024

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