Insect farming is expanding rapidly as a sustainable protein source, with global production of mealworms, black soldier fly larvae, crickets, and other species potentially reaching hundreds of billions of individuals annually. The welfare status of farmed insects remains deeply uncertain: insects have neural structures capable of detecting noxious stimuli, show avoidance behaviour, and some species demonstrate learning and memory. However, the architecture of insect nervous systems differs fundamentally from vertebrates, and evidence for subjective suffering remains contested. The precautionary principle argues that given uncertainty and the enormous scale of production, welfare considerations deserve serious attention. Current welfare-relevant practices include appropriate temperature management during rearing, humane slaughter methods (freezing, high-temperature short-time), and avoidance of extremes of crowding. Research into insect nociception, stress physiology, and slaughter methods is growing rapidly. Welfare standards for insect farming are beginning to emerge from research institutions and certification bodies.