Organic livestock production standards mandate several welfare-positive practices including pasture access, avoidance of prophylactic antibiotics, and prohibition of certain mutilations. Research on welfare outcomes in certified organic versus conventional systems shows mixed results by species and metric. Organic dairy cows consistently show higher lying times on pasture, lower lameness prevalence, and better longevity than intensive indoor counterparts. Organic broiler production mandates outdoor access and lower stocking densities, producing measurable welfare improvements in gait scoring and foot health. Organic pig systems require outdoor access and roughage provision, addressing rooting behaviour. Challenges include higher disease management complexity without antibiotic prophylaxis, and welfare failures that can occur in poorly managed organic systems. Consumer purchase of organic products as a welfare proxy is partially valid but not reliable; dedicated welfare certification (RSPCA Assured, Certified Humane) provides more specific welfare guarantees than organic status alone.