Outdoor pig production systems offer significant welfare advantages over indoor intensive systems by enabling natural rooting, foraging, wallowing, and social behaviour. Research using welfare outcome assessments consistently finds outdoor pigs score higher on positive behavioural indicators including play, exploration, and social grooming. Outdoor sow and finishing systems are common in the UK (approximately 40% of sows kept outdoors), Scandinavia, and parts of Australia. Welfare challenges include extremes of weather (heat stroke in summer, hypothermia in exposed piglets), parasite burden (roundworm, Ascaris suum), predator risk in some regions, and biosecurity challenges. Welfare-positive outdoor management includes provision of shade structures, adequate wallowing areas, windbreaks, and arc huts with deep bedding for nesting. Soil management prevents poaching and maintains rooting substrate quality. Life-stage specific considerations include farrowing hut management for sows and adequate space allowances for growing pigs.