Current Situation
Wildlife conservation in the Solomon Islands faces challenges from habitat loss, invasive species, and subsistence hunting. The country has some of the most intact rainforests remaining in the Pacific, but logging concessions have expanded into previously undisturbed areas. Endemic birds including the Sanford's sea eagle, Solomon cockatoo, and various hornbills face habitat pressure. Traditional harvesting of wildlife including flying foxes (fruit bats) for food is practiced in some communities. Marine turtles, particularly green and hawksbill turtles, nest on beaches across the archipelago. Traditional turtle harvesting for food and ceremonial use occurs, and conservation organizations including WWF and the Solomon Islands Government have developed community-based sea turtle conservation programs. Some communities have established custom taboos (tabu areas) protecting turtle nesting beaches—traditional conservation mechanisms that align with welfare objectives. Livestock keeping in the Solomon Islands includes pigs, which are central to traditional exchange systems (similar to other Melanesian cultures), and cattle, introduced during colonial times and kept on larger islands. Pigs are often kept in poor conditions prior to ceremonial slaughter. Chickens are kept for food across most communities. Veterinary services are extremely limited, concentrated in Honiara. Fishing is a critical livelihood and food source. Reef fishing using traditional methods has relatively low bycatch, but subsistence net fishing on lagoons can entangle non-target species including sea turtles and dolphins. Dolphin hunting traditionally practiced in Malaita—where dolphins are herded into coves for drive hunting—has attracted international attention and welfare concerns, though practices have reduced following community dialogue.
Key Welfare Issues
Evidence-based welfare improvement requires understanding the intersection of species needs, production or management systems, cultural context, and economic constraints. Context-sensitive approaches that engage local communities while drawing on international science provide the most sustainable path forward.
Pathways Forward
Progress requires investment in veterinary capacity, community engagement, legislative frameworks, and international cooperation. Regional organizations and NGOs provide essential support for welfare improvements across diverse contexts.
Further Reading
Resources from the World Organisation for Animal Health, SPREP, and welfare science journals provide evidence-based guidance for practitioners working to improve animal welfare outcomes.