Approximately 1.5 million crocodilians are farmed annually for luxury leather production, with operations concentrated in Australia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Southeast Asia. Welfare science for farmed crocodilians is underdeveloped relative to their economic significance. Crocodilians are sentient reptiles capable of stress responses (elevated corticosterone), social behaviour, and potentially pain perception. Welfare concerns include high-density farming in concrete enclosures with inadequate thermal gradients, social overcrowding causing aggression, suboptimal nutrition, and inhumane slaughter methods. Research on crocodilian welfare indicators is limited but identifies movement restriction, social conflict, and inability to thermoregulate as primary welfare risks. CITES trade regulations govern international movement of crocodilian skins. Some operations implement welfare improvements including enriched enclosures, individual monitoring, and approved electrical stunning at slaughter. Luxury brand commitments to sourcing from welfare-certified farms are driving gradual industry improvement.