Wire snares are self-locking or spring-loaded loops that capture animals by the neck or leg. Neck snares cause asphyxiation or strangulation in non-target animals. Leg snares cause constriction injuries, fractures, and prolonged captivity. Animals may remain trapped for hours to days before death or relief.
Snares capture target and non-target species indiscriminately. Research documents high by-catch rates: UK rabbit snares capture hares, foxes, badgers, deer, and domestic cats at significant rates. African bushmeat snares catch cheetahs, wild dogs, and other non-target species. Non-target capture causes welfare harm even when animals are released, due to injury and stress.
The UK is actively debating snare ban legislation. Scotland banned snares in 2024 (Wildlife Management and Muirburn (Scotland) Act). England and Wales are consulting on snare reform. The League Against Cruel Sports and OneKind have documented non-target captures systematically. Evidence from Scotland's ban is being monitored.
In sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America, wire snare trapping for bushmeat is a major conservation and welfare emergency. Snares kill large numbers of wildlife including endangered primates, antelope, and predators. Snare removal programs (wildlife rangers clearing snare lines) have welfare and conservation benefits.
Alternatives to snares for pest control include: cage traps (live capture, allows non-target release), scent deterrents, electric fencing, guard animals, and habitat management. Evidence shows these alternatives are effective in many contexts, though requiring more management input. Farmer compensation schemes reduce economic incentive for snaring predators.
Animals that escape snares with injuries — wire embedded in neck or leg, fractures from struggle — often die slowly from infection, sepsis, or inability to feed. Wildlife rescue organizations treat snare injuries but can reach only a small fraction of affected animals. Prevention through snare elimination is the primary welfare intervention.