Atlantic halibut is among the most challenging and welfare-sensitive large flatfish to farm, with specific requirements around light, substrate, and social density.
Atlantic halibut in tank aquaculture face welfare challenges from their strongly benthic lifestyle in environments without appropriate substrate. Light levels that disturb their natural nocturnal feeding behaviour cause chronic stress. Crowding at high densities prevents normal resting and feeding behaviour. Their slow growth and high commercial value creates economic pressure to maximise stocking density. As large, intelligent fish capable of learning, their welfare in intensive culture deserves greater research attention.