Aquaculture

Flatfish Welfare in Aquaculture Production Systems

Welfare science for turbot, sole, and other flatfish farmed in intensive systems.

Key Facts

Flatfish have specialised light and substrate needs
They settle on the bottom and need adequate floor space
Water flow, light cycles, and tank substrate affect behaviour
Sole are particularly sensitive to handling stress

Welfare Considerations

Flatfish welfare requirements differ substantially from round fish. Their bottom-dwelling behaviour demands different tank design, stocking densities, and handling protocols. Welfare assessments for flatfish are still developing but evidence supports provision of resting substrate, appropriate light intensity, and reduced handling frequency.

What You Can Do

Support aquaculture certification schemes that include flatfish welfare criteria
Advocate for species-specific welfare standards in national aquaculture policy
Choose flatfish products from certified welfare-conscious producers