Freshwater Eel Welfare in Traditional and Aquaculture Systems

European eel aquaculture relies entirely on wild-caught glass eels from a critically endangered species, while traditional eel fishing involves live capture practices with significant welfare implications.

Key Facts

European eel populations have declined by over 90% since the 1970s; the species is Critically Endangered
All farmed eels in Europe derive from wild-caught glass eels as no captive breeding has been achieved
Traditional eel fishing methods including nets and fyke traps cause significant bycatch and injury to trapped eels
Eels can survive out of water for extended periods, which has led to practices involving live transport without water
Research confirms eels have a well-developed nervous system capable of nociception

Welfare Considerations

Freshwater eel welfare is compromised at multiple stages: capture as glass eels using nets, holding and transport to farms, and slaughter for consumption. Traditional live transport of eels in damp conditions without water causes chronic stress and physiological compromise. Slaughter methods including live skinning and cold stunning remain poorly regulated in many regions. The combination of conservation crisis and welfare concerns creates a compelling case for reducing eel consumption until sustainable and welfare-assured production can be achieved.

What You Can Do

Reduce or eliminate eel consumption given the species' Critically Endangered conservation status
Advocate for improved welfare standards in eel holding, transport, and slaughter
Support research into humane transport conditions and slaughter methods for eels
Engage with regulatory bodies on including eels in animal welfare legislation covering aquatic species