Pike-perch is a high-value coldwater aquaculture species in central and Eastern Europe, with welfare challenges from its predatory nature and sensitivity to handling.
Pike-perch welfare in intensive production faces the fundamental challenge of combining high commercial value with a species that is naturally aggressive, sensitive to handling, and prone to self-injury during cannibalistic events. Frequent size-grading to control cannibalism causes repeated handling stress. RAS systems allow precise control of temperature, oxygen, and photoperiod - important welfare advantages over outdoor ponds. Research into optimal feeding frequencies and light management has shown measurable welfare improvements through reduced aggression and more uniform growth. Slaughter by stunning before gill-cutting is standard in premium European markets.