Tambaqui is one of Brazils most important farmed freshwater fish. As production intensifies, welfare challenges around stocking density and handling require attention.
Tambaqui experience welfare challenges typical of intensively farmed tropical fish: crowding stress, oxygen depletion, and traumatic handling. Scale loss during netting and grading leaves fish vulnerable to infection. Percussive stunning before slaughter is effective but underused. Improving water quality management, reducing handling frequency, and adopting humane slaughter practices would significantly improve welfare.