Biofloc aquaculture systems offer welfare advantages for tilapia through improved water quality, reduced disease, and environmental complexity compared to conventional clear water systems.
Tilapia welfare in biofloc systems is generally improved compared to conventional systems through better water quality parameters and lower disease pressure. The dense microbial communities manage ammonia more effectively than clear water systems, reducing chronic ammonia stress. Biofloc particles provide foraging stimulation as tilapia sift through the water. Disease management through competitive exclusion reduces the welfare burden from infections. The main welfare challenge is dissolved oxygen management, as biofloc systems consume more oxygen than clear water. Well-managed biofloc systems represent a welfare improvement for tilapia while reducing environmental footprint.