Yellowtail (hamachi/kingfish) is a premium marine finfish with expanding production in Japan, Australia, and the Mediterranean, with distinct welfare requirements.
Yellowtail welfare is challenged by the active pelagic nature of this species. They require high water volumes relative to biomass because their continuous swimming activity demands space. High-density crowding during harvesting causes extreme stress through activity restriction. Japanese producers have developed net pen management systems adapted to yellowtail behaviour over decades, while newer operations in Australia and the Mediterranean are still developing species-specific protocols. Stunning before slaughter is appropriate and improves product quality as well as welfare.