Shade provision for feedlot cattle reduces heat stress mortality and suffering during hot weather, yet remains absent from most US feedlot operations.
The absence of shade in most US feedlots causes preventable heat stress suffering in millions of cattle annually. The economic case for shade provision is strong given production losses from heat stress, yet shade remains largely absent due to capital cost and regulatory gaps. As climate change intensifies heat events, this welfare gap will grow. Regulatory requirements and retailer standards for shade provision would significantly improve welfare.