Assessment of livestock welfare legislation reveals which regulatory approaches successfully improve animal lives and which create compliance without welfare improvement.
Not all animal welfare legislation works equally. Evidence review reveals that bans on specific harmful practices like battery cages and gestation crates deliver clear welfare improvements when enforced. Minimum standards that set floors below welfare science thresholds create compliance without improvement. Enforcement resources determine whether legislation has real impact. The lessons from welfare legislation review should inform the design of new regulatory interventions.