Animals used in agricultural research face welfare challenges analogous to those in biomedical research, requiring robust welfare frameworks and 3Rs application.
Agricultural research animals are used in experiments that advance both production and welfare science, creating a dual accountability. Animals used in welfare research deserve the same ethical scrutiny as those in biomedical research. The 3Rs apply equally: replacement with in vitro or computer models where possible, reduction in numbers used, and refinement of procedures to minimize suffering. Robust ethics frameworks for agricultural animal research improve both welfare and research quality.