Scientific research on farrowing system alternatives to crates has identified pen designs that protect piglets while allowing sow freedom of movement.
The science of farrowing crate alternatives has matured considerably, with well-designed loose farrowing systems demonstrating that protecting sow welfare does not require sacrificing piglet survival. Key design features including sloped pen sides, creep areas with supplemental heating, and structured nest materials reduce crushing risk significantly. Stockmanship remains critical: well-managed loose farrowing requires more skilled observation particularly in the first 24-48 hours. The evidence base supports transition away from crates for sow welfare without unacceptable piglet welfare trade-offs.