Welfare in the food supply chain extends from farm through transport, lairage, slaughter, and processing, with each stage presenting distinct welfare risks requiring specific attention.
Supply chain welfare recognises that animal welfare is not determined solely at the farm level but accumulates across all stages from birth to slaughter. Poor welfare at one stage compounds problems at subsequent stages: stressed animals from poor transport have worse welfare in lairage and at slaughter. Supply chain welfare management requires assessment at each stage, not just the farm, and traceability systems that link each stage back to its origin. Integrated supply chain welfare certification that covers transport, lairage, and slaughter in addition to farm conditions provides the most comprehensive welfare assurance.