Aquaculture

Pike-perch Welfare in Intensive RAS Production

Pike-perch is an emerging RAS (recirculating aquaculture system) species in northern Europe, but its territorial and aggressive behaviour creates significant welfare challenges in intensive production.

Key Facts

Pike-perch is a highly carnivorous freshwater predator native to central and eastern Europe
RAS production has expanded in Finland, Germany and the Netherlands as a sustainable alternative to wild capture
The species is highly sensitive to water quality fluctuations, particularly dissolved oxygen
Aggression and cannibalism at low feeding rates are significant welfare and production challenges

Welfare Considerations

Pike-perch welfare in intensive production is compromised by the species' natural territorial behaviour, which is incompatible with high-density stocking. Continuous low-level aggression causes chronic stress, fin damage and growth rate variation within cohorts. Research into optimal stocking densities, feeding regimes and environmental enrichment is ongoing.

What You Can Do

Support research into welfare-optimised RAS design and management for pike-perch
Choose pike-perch from certified RAS producers committed to welfare improvement
Advocate for species-specific welfare standards covering emerging RAS species
Support international collaboration on fish welfare standards for non-salmon species