Adder Conservation and Welfare | Animal Welfare Hub

The adder is Britain's only venomous snake and faces welfare threats from habitat loss, persecution, and disturbance at basking sites.

Key Facts

Adder populations have declined by around 90% in some areas over the past century
They require a mosaic of habitats including open basking areas, dense cover, and prey-rich hunting grounds
Persecution through deliberate killing remains a significant threat despite legal protection
Adders emerge from hibernation early in spring and are particularly vulnerable to disturbance during this period

Welfare Considerations

Adder welfare is threatened by both direct persecution and habitat degradation. Despite being legally protected, adders are frequently killed by people who encounter them and fear them. Individuals that escape killing but are injured suffer from limb injuries that impair hunting and thermoregulation. Disturbance at basking sites — particularly in spring when adders need to thermoregulate after winter dormancy — can disrupt the energy budget of individual animals at a critical period. Habitat fragmentation isolates populations, reducing genetic diversity and long-term viability. Education to reduce fear and persecution is one of the most important interventions for adder welfare.

What You Can Do

Leave adders undisturbed if you encounter them — they pose minimal risk if given space
Report adder sightings to local recording groups to support distribution monitoring
Advocate for protection of heathland, downland, and woodland edge habitats important for adders
Engage with landowners on creating adder-friendly habitat mosaics on their land