Free Farrowing Systems: Welfare Evidence

Research on free farrowing systems demonstrates that sow and piglet welfare can be protected without conventional confinement crates.

Key Facts

Free farrowing pens allow sows to move, turn, and express nest-building behavior
Piglet mortality from crushing can be managed through pen design features including anti-crush bars
Several European countries are implementing mandatory free farrowing transitions
Research shows sow welfare improves significantly in free farrowing while piglet survival is maintained with good management

Welfare Considerations

The evidence base for free farrowing has matured substantially, demonstrating that well-designed systems can achieve piglet survival rates comparable to conventional farrowing crates. Key design features including sloped corners, anti-crush bars, creep areas with additional heating, and rubber flooring reduce crushing risk while allowing sow movement. The welfare benefits for sows are significant — they can turn, rise, and lie naturally, express nest-building behavior, and interact appropriately with piglets. Management skills required for free farrowing are higher than for crate systems, and training and support for farmers during transition is an important component of successful implementation.

What You Can Do

Support campaigns for farrowing crate phase-out with practical transition support for farmers
Choose pork certified from free farrowing or lower-confinement systems
Advocate for research funding into free farrowing system design and management best practice
Engage with pig welfare organizations on their timelines and progress toward farrowing crate elimination