Why tortoises are commonly kept in inadequate conditions and how to provide appropriate environments for these long-lived reptiles.
Tortoise welfare in captivity involves meeting the needs of animals adapted to Mediterranean and subtropical climates in temperate climates with inadequate UV radiation. Without proper UVB lighting, tortoises develop metabolic bone disease and shell deformities. Outdoor enclosures in British summers are often inadequate for temperature requirements. Incorrect hibernation management - too warm, too cold, or dehydrated animals - causes deaths that are avoidable with proper preparation. The long lifespan of tortoises means that welfare problems accumulate over decades and that acquiring a tortoise is a multigenerational commitment.