Atlantic cod aquaculture has been attempted commercially in Norway and Scotland with mixed success, with specific welfare challenges relating to cannibalism, light-induced maturation and disease susceptibility.
Cod aquaculture welfare is complicated by the species' tendency to mature early under farm conditions, with precocious spawning causing immune suppression and increased disease susceptibility. Continuous light programmes to delay maturation carry their own welfare implications for circadian health. Commercial viability has been difficult to establish, partly due to these welfare challenges.