The long-distance transport of live sheep across Europe and beyond remains one of the most contentious welfare issues in the farming industry.
Sheep experience acute and cumulative stress during transport including fear, motion sickness, dehydration, and extreme temperatures. Prolonged transport suppresses immune function and causes significant weight loss. Injured and weak animals may be unable to reach food and water even when provided. The welfare case for replacing live exports with chilled meat trade is well-established and economically viable. Despite this, live exports continue from EU countries to destinations with lower welfare standards in North Africa and the Middle East.