Livestock

Outdoor Pig Production and Natural Behaviour

Outdoor pig systems allow expression of natural behaviours that indoor systems typically prevent, with significant welfare benefits.

Key Facts

Pigs are highly motivated to root and forage in soil
Outdoor pigs spend several hours daily in rooting behaviour when given access
Wallowing in mud is a critical thermoregulation mechanism for pigs
Social groups in outdoor systems tend to be more stable
Farrowing huts allow sows to build nests before giving birth

Welfare Considerations

Indoor systems that prevent rooting, wallowing, and nest-building frustrate core pig motivations. Outdoor production, while not without challenges such as weather stress and parasitism, generally allows pigs to live more behaviourally complete lives. Welfare standards for outdoor systems should address stock density and shelter provision.

What You Can Do

Look for RSPCA Assured or organic certification when buying pork
Ask retailers about outdoor production standards
Support farming policy that incentivises outdoor pig systems
Advocate for soil protection measures in outdoor pig areas
Reduce pork consumption or choose higher-welfare products