Access to clean fresh water is the most basic welfare requirement for all livestock, yet inadequate water provision causes significant suffering across production systems.
Livestock that cannot access adequate clean water suffer thirst, reduced feed intake, and in severe cases, dehydration that impairs organ function. Water access is often overlooked relative to feed provision but has an equal or greater impact on welfare and production. Simple management interventions including daily drinker checks and trough cleaning substantially improve water intake and welfare.