Livestock

Laying Hen Mortality and Welfare Benchmarking

Mortality rates in laying hen flocks are an important welfare outcome indicator, with significant variation between farms reflecting management quality and system type.

Key Facts

Average mortality in free-range hen flocks is higher than in cage systems due to pecking and predation
Feather pecking is the leading cause of mortality in free-range and aviary laying hens
Pullet rearing quality significantly influences adult hen welfare and mortality outcomes
Daily mortality recording and investigation is a key welfare management tool
Some certification schemes set maximum acceptable mortality rates as a welfare benchmark

Welfare Considerations

Hen mortality from feather pecking represents the most severe welfare outcome in laying hen production, typically preceded by serious injury from pecking behaviour. Addressing the root causes of feather pecking through enrichment, appropriate stocking density, and lighting management reduces mortality and the welfare burden of non-fatal pecking. Using mortality as a welfare indicator creates accountability for flock health and management quality.

What You Can Do

Support egg certification schemes that track and benchmark mortality rates
Choose eggs from flocks with documented low mortality and feather pecking management
Advocate for mandatory mortality reporting in laying hen assurance schemes
Support research into practical interventions reducing feather pecking in free-range systems
Encourage supply chains to make mortality data transparent to consumers