Livestock Welfare

Free-Farrowing Systems for Pigs

Replacing farrowing crates with free-farrowing systems is one of the most significant welfare improvements available in pig farming.

Key Facts

Farrowing crates confine sows for 3-5 weeks around birth and prevent natural nesting behaviour
The EU plans to ban farrowing crates by 2030 under the Animal Welfare Strategy
Free-farrowing systems allow sows to build nests, turn around, and interact with piglets
Piglet crushing rates can be higher in free systems but are manageable with good design
Pen design, bedding material, and farmer skill are critical success factors

Welfare Considerations

Confinement in farrowing crates prevents sows from performing strongly motivated nesting behaviour, causing chronic frustration and stress. Free-farrowing systems enable natural maternal behaviour and significantly improve sow welfare. Piglet mortality from crushing is a genuine concern but can be reduced through pen design featuring escape zones, sloped walls, and adequate space. Farmer training and motivation are key to successful free-farrowing adoption.

What You Can Do

Support pork producers transitioning to free-farrowing systems
Look for RSPCA Assured or organic certification on pork products
Advocate for an earlier national ban on farrowing crates
Support farmer transition funding for free-farrowing infrastructure