Flamingos are colonial waterbirds highly sensitive to wetland disturbance, facing threats from habitat drainage, tourism pressure, and salt flat degradation.
Human disturbance during breeding causes mass nest abandonment with complete loss of eggs and chicks. Wetland drainage or lowering water levels exposes nests to ground predators. Flamingo chicks that lose their parents in disturbance events starve in large numbers. Captive flamingos denied appropriate salt flat substrates and group sizes show poor condition and reduced breeding success.