Immunocontraception offers a humane alternative to lethal culling for managing overabundant wildlife populations; it has been successfully deployed in elephants, deer, feral horses, and other species.
Lethal management of overabundant wildlife populations causes individual suffering and disrupts social bonds, particularly in social species. Immunocontraception provides population control without these welfare costs while maintaining group composition. Logistical challenges including capture stress and treatment coverage requirements mean it is not suitable for all situations, but it should be systematically evaluated as a first-line management option.