Unnecessary suffering in livestock arises from avoidable conditions, procedures, and management failures; identifying and eliminating these is the immediate priority in welfare improvement.
Unnecessary suffering in livestock — suffering that management improvement, pain relief, or timely euthanasia could prevent — represents the most immediate welfare improvement priority. While structural reform of production systems is important for long-term welfare improvement, eliminating unnecessary suffering within existing systems provides welfare benefits to millions of animals now. Targeting the most welfare-significant unnecessarily painful procedures and the most common preventable diseases provides the greatest aggregate welfare return per unit of effort invested.