The final phase of laying hen production involves decisions about extension of production, moulting, or depopulation; welfare considerations apply throughout this often-neglected production stage.
The end-of-lay period receives disproportionately little welfare attention relative to its significance. Hens at end of production are physiologically stressed from calcium depletion, have weakened bones, and face the additional welfare costs of transport to slaughter with inadequate standards for their fragile condition. The low market value of spent hens creates systemic under-investment in welfare at this stage. Welfare standards that specifically address spent hen transport and slaughter conditions, alongside bans on induced moulting, close an important gap in comprehensive laying hen welfare protection.