Lameness is one of the most significant welfare and economic problems in dairy, beef, and sheep production, requiring systematic herd-level management.
Lameness causes significant chronic pain and is among the most prevalent welfare problems in livestock farming. Dairy cows suffer disproportionately from lameness due to housing on hard concrete surfaces, high production demands, and increased body weight. Systematic herd-level management including regular mobility scoring, prompt treatment, and preventive footbathing significantly reduces the prevalence and welfare cost of lameness.