Companion Animals

Positive Reinforcement Training and Dog Welfare

The training method used significantly affects dog welfare, with positive reinforcement associated with better welfare outcomes than aversive methods.

Key Facts

Studies show dogs trained with aversive methods have higher cortisol and fear indicators
Positive reinforcement training maintains the human-animal relationship and mutual trust
Electric shock collars cause acute pain and fear and are banned in Wales and Scotland
Dogs trained with reward-based methods show more relaxed body language during training
The effectiveness of positive training is well-demonstrated across a wide range of behaviours

Welfare Considerations

Training method is a significant and modifiable welfare factor for companion dogs. Aversive training using pain, fear, or intimidation causes stress, anxiety, and can damage the human-dog relationship. Positive reinforcement training achieves comparable or superior results while promoting positive welfare states and strengthening the bond between dogs and their owners. Choosing a qualified, reward-based trainer is an important welfare decision.

What You Can Do

Choose only trainers using positive reinforcement methods for your dog
Avoid shock collars, prong collars, and other aversive training devices
Report use of aversive training methods to relevant professional bodies
Support bans on aversive training tools and devices
Seek accredited positive trainers through professional associations such as the APDT