Even in enriched colony cage systems, providing effective environmental enrichment for laying hens remains a significant welfare challenge.
Enriched colony cage systems represent an improvement over conventional cages but fall short of enabling full expression of natural behaviour. Nest boxes, perches, and scratch areas are provided but often insufficient in size or design to meet hens' behavioural needs. Cage-free and free-range systems offer greater scope for meaningful enrichment, though management quality determines actual welfare outcomes.