Aquaculture

Farmed Salmon Crowding Stress and Welfare

Stocking density in salmon farms is one of the most important welfare determinants.

Key Facts

Norwegian maximum stocking density is 25 kg/m3 but most farms operate below this
High densities increase aggression, fin damage, and disease risk
Chronic crowding elevates cortisol and impairs immune function
Welfare certification schemes often use 15-20 kg/m3 as higher-welfare targets

Welfare Considerations

Salmon at high stocking densities cannot escape aggression, hide, or express normal schooling behaviour. Chronic social stress from crowding causes immune suppression, increased susceptibility to disease, and poor welfare outcomes. The economic pressure to maximise density per cage directly conflicts with welfare requirements. Consumer demand for certified welfare products is a key driver of improvement.

What You Can Do

Choose ASC certified or equivalent welfare-certified salmon
Support campaigns for lower maximum stocking densities in salmon regulations
Ask retailers about stocking density commitments for their salmon products
Donate to aquaculture welfare research organisations