The One Welfare framework recognises the interconnection of human, animal, and environmental welfare.
Animal welfare does not exist in isolation from human welfare. Farmers experiencing financial stress, overwork, and mental health difficulties cannot consistently provide optimal animal care. One Welfare approaches that support farmer wellbeing — through economic fairness, mental health resources, and manageable workloads — create the conditions for sustained animal welfare improvement. Punitive regulatory approaches that ignore farmer circumstances can perversely worsen animal welfare.