Pet birds require complex environments to express natural behaviours and maintain good welfare.
Birds in small, unenriched cages cannot forage, explore, play, or socialise normally. The frustration of these highly motivated behaviours causes feather plucking, aggression, screaming, and other signs of chronic psychological distress. Meeting companion bird welfare needs requires very large enclosures, complex foraging enrichment, social contact, and daily out-of-cage time.