Hen harriers remain one of the UK's most persecuted raptors with fewer than 10 nesting pairs in England due to illegal killing on driven grouse moors.
Illegal poisoning and trapping of hen harriers on grouse moors causes extreme suffering. Adults killed during breeding season leave chicks to starve. Persecution reduces the species to critical rarity creating demographic vulnerability. Brood management involves handling eggs and chicks causing disturbance stress. The near-extinction of this species from English moorland represents an ongoing conservation and welfare crisis.