Reintroducing wolves to their native ranges benefits ecosystems but raises important welfare questions for both wolves and the prey species they hunt. Evidence-based management can improve outcomes for all animals involved.
Reintroduced wolves face high mortality in their first years from vehicle strikes, human persecution, and territorial competition. Translocation itself is stressful. However, wolves living in stable packs show strong social bonds and rich behavioural repertoires that contribute to positive welfare. Prey animals experience stress from predator presence, but predation pressure also selects for healthier herds over time.