The reintroduction of wolves to Scotland is one of the most debated conservation proposals in the UK. Welfare considerations for wolves, prey, and livestock all feature in the evidence.
Wolf reintroduction would create welfare trade-offs: wolves living in natural packs in rich habitat represent a high welfare outcome for the species. Reintroduced wolves face initial high mortality from territorial displacement, human conflict, and vehicle strikes. Prey species — primarily red deer — would face increased predation pressure. Livestock welfare could be protected through guardian dogs and physical deterrents, but some predation is likely. Careful feasibility assessment, community engagement, and robust management frameworks are prerequisites for reintroduction that genuinely considers welfare for all species involved.