Chimpanzees in captivity require extraordinarily complex social, cognitive, and physical environments, with most facilities failing to fully meet their needs.
Chimpanzees are among the most cognitively complex non-human animals. Inadequate social environments, lack of environmental enrichment, and small enclosures cause frustration, stereotypic behaviour, and self-harm. Former research chimpanzees show high rates of PTSD-like symptoms. Entertainment chimpanzees are typically separated from mothers at birth, causing lasting psychological damage.