Puppy mills produce millions of dogs annually under conditions of severe deprivation, causing physical and psychological harm to breeding dogs and puppies.
Breeding dogs in puppy mills live in wire cages with minimal human contact. Lack of socialisation causes fear, anxiety, and aggression. Chronic reproductive stress depletes health in breeding females. Puppies removed too early develop lasting attachment and social disorders. Veterinary care is minimal, and painful conditions go untreated. Online sales conceal welfare conditions from buyers.