Millions of reptiles are kept as pets, with the majority suffering from husbandry failures including inadequate temperature, humidity, lighting, and diet.
Reptiles are ectotherms requiring carefully managed thermal gradients to regulate body temperature, immune function, and digestion. Inadequate basking temperatures cause chronic immunosuppression. Metabolic bone disease from UV-B deficiency is widespread and extremely painful. Dehydration and inappropriate diet cause organ failure. Many reptiles live chronically compromised lives without their owners recognising signs of distress. Reptile welfare is significantly under-resourced in veterinary practice.