Veal calves are the male offspring of dairy cows, historically kept in narrow crates. Welfare reforms have transformed the industry in many countries.
Veal crate systems caused profound suffering through physical restriction, social isolation, and deliberate iron deficiency to keep meat pale. Post-ban enriched group housing has significantly improved welfare. However, the killing of male dairy calves at birth remains a major welfare issue — a direct result of the dairy-beef disconnect. Rose veal systems rear calves outdoors on pasture, providing a meaningful welfare improvement.