Red-footed falcons are colonial breeders facing habitat loss on breeding grounds and hunting pressure during migration through the Mediterranean and Africa.
Illegal shooting during migration causes traumatic death. Insect prey decline from pesticides causes nutritional stress and chick starvation. Colonial breeding concentrations are vulnerable to nest-site loss from tree felling. Climate-driven insect emergence timing mismatches with arrival dates affect chick feeding. Shooting at migration concentrations removes large numbers from already declining populations.