Legal frameworks for animal welfare vary enormously between countries, and strengthening animal welfare law is one of the most powerful levers for systemic change.
Law is a fundamental determinant of animal welfare at scale. Where animal welfare legislation is strong and enforced, animals fare better. The recognition of animal sentience in law — as in the EU Treaty of Lisbon — creates a foundation for welfare-based policymaking. However, legislation without enforcement is insufficient. Building animal welfare capacity in inspection agencies, investing in welfare science to inform law, and engaging legislators are all critical to making legal reform effective.