Access to pasture for dairy cows provides significant welfare benefits through exercise, natural behaviour, and mental stimulation — yet is denied to cattle in many intensive systems.
The welfare benefits of pasture access for dairy cattle are substantial and well-documented. Exercise improves hoof and leg health; natural grazing behaviour reduces frustration; exposure to sunlight and fresh air contribute to general health. Cows actively choose to go outside when given the choice on most days. Pasture systems also tend to have lower antibiotic use — an indication of the health and immunity benefits of outdoor access. The primary barriers to pasture access are the production and logistics constraints of high-yielding dairy systems, which should not outweigh the welfare of the animals.